Intelligence tests were developed, and are routinely renormed, by scientists who are truth-seekers and apolitical. In 1904, the French Ministry of Education tasked psychologist Alfred Binet to determine an unbiased way to identify school children who needed specialized education. 120+ years later, intelligent tests have expanded to testing 2.5 to 91 year-olds of every creed, color, and nationality for general cognitive abilities and the speed and efficiency of reasoning across specific mental domains, -information learned over a lifetime being only one subtest. IQ tests do not measure practical wisdom or rationality, creativity, or emotional intelligence.
Researchers needed a way to compare across ages, and in 1916, a California psychologist at Stanford University standardized the first IQ test with an average score of 100. Fiddling around for decades with different populations, statistical formulas, etc. has resulted in today's highly precise, ethical, and multidimensional test instruments used universally.
The numbers. 100 is the average score on an IQ test (the mean). 15 points either side, 85-115, is where 68%, or 2/3rds of the population will score. (15 points is considered one standard deviation from the mean). Most everybody you meet, have met, or will ever meet will fall into this average range of intelligence. Another 13% of any population will score in the Above Average range, 116-130. Those Gifted (2%) score 131-145; and the Exceptionally to Profoundly Gifted, IQ (146 or above), represent the top 0.1%. One person in a thousand!
Those in the 99.99th percentile, the Highly/Exceptionally/Profoundly Gifted (by psychological classification), Genius (by common nomenclature), Rarefied (by Hollywood terms) include about 9 million people alive today. Those dead, and who have been evaluated retroactively, include Leonardo da Vinci, von Goethe, Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo, Tesla, Einstein, Hawking.
Just for fun, check the internet for the smartest American presidents and you will find John Q. Adams leading the pack, followed by Jefferson, JFK, Clinton, Madison, Carter, Wilson, John Adams, Roosevelt, and Garfield all in the 146+ range. A heady bunch indeed. -SQ


